MODELO DE GERENCIAMENTO DA QUALIDADE DA ÁGUA CONSIDERANDO DISTRIBUIÇÃO EQÜITATIVA NA ALOCAÇÃO DA CARGA POLUENTE

Abstract

Using a particular water system, one should consider the equitable distribution, the rational use, the maximization of economic efficiency, the minimization of environmental impacts, among others parameters. In this context, two models of multiobjective optimization were proposed and considered to maximize the wastewater discharge by point sources and minimizing the magnitude of the violations of water quality standards. It´s incorporated a restriction on the multiobjective optimization model that intends an index to distribute equitably the efficiency of treatment needed between pollution sources. Without considering equity measure, the attempt to maximize waste discharge would result in an allocation of large quantities of waste to the upstream users, while the downstream dischargers would be required to treat their effluents at levels of maximum possible efficiency. The method used to solve the problem was the NSGA and the case study was implemented in the Atibaia river basin, state of São Paulo. The solutions presented by the optimization show and prove the existing conflicts and competition among the criteria considered. The genetic algorithm has been shown to be an effective technique for solving problems of multiobjective optimization in applications of water quality management, identifying the decision variables in Pareto front. Key words: Water Resources. Water Quality Management. Equity Measure. Multiobjective Optimization. Genetic Algorithms. Atibaia River. OLAM – Ciência & Tecnologia, Rio Claro, SP, Brasil – eISSN: 1982-7784 Rio Claro / SP, Brasil Ano VIII, Vol. 8, N.3, Julho – Dezembro / 2008 – RESUMOS