Risk factors and prevention strategies for musculoskeletal injuries associated with load carriage in military personnel: a systematic review

Risk factors and prevention strategies associated with load carriage

Autores

  • Carolina Alves Mizuno
  • Bruno Ferreira Viana
  • Priscila dos Santos Bunn Centro de Educação Física Almirante Adalberto Nunes

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.5016/s1980-6574e10248553

Resumo

Introduction: Musculoskeletal injuries pose significant challenges to military personnel involved in load carriage activities, affecting both operational readiness and individual well-being. However, there is a notable lack of comprehensive understanding regarding the risk factors and effective prevention measures for such injuries. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the risk factors and prevention strategies for musculoskeletal injuries associated with load carriage. Methods: A systematic review was conducted in 2020 and updated in 2022, encompassing eight databases using keywords such as “load carrying”, “injuries,” and “military”, alongside their synonyms. Extracted data included sample characteristics, load carriage specifics, intervention protocols, and musculoskeletal injury incidence. A metaanalysis using StatsDirect software was performed to estimate relative risk (RR). Results: Out of 7,673 articles initially screened, 13 met the eligibility criteria. Primary risk factors examined included sex, age, body mass, distance traveled while carrying loads, and load weight. The meta-analysis revealed females had a relative risk of 1.56 (95% CI = 1.11 to 2.20) for musculoskeletal injuries during load carriage compared to males. Prevention strategies such as the use of antiperspirants, socks, and ballistic vests were evaluated. Conclusions: Findings from this systematic review suggest that factors such as female sex, smoking, greater walking distances with loads, and longer load carriage durations, and increased duration of load carriage may elevate the incidence of injuries. However, limited studies on prevention strategies precluded definitive conclusions. Further research is warranted in this area.

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Publicado

2026-01-20

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