Impacts of physical activity on the quality of life of older people

Abstract

Longevity is a multifactorial phenomenon involving physical, cognitive, and social aspects, directly influenced by the quality of life and autonomy of older adults. Among the factors that contribute to this process, the regular practice of physical activity stands out as an essential strategy for promoting health and preventing the deleterious effects of aging. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between regular physical activity and healthy longevity in the elderly. A narrative literature review was conducted between March and April 2025, including articles published from 2015 to 2025, sourced from Google Scholar, Capes Journals, Scielo, and PubMed, applying inclusion and exclusion criteria related to the publication period and type of publication. The analysis revealed that physical activity provides functional, cognitive, and emotional benefits, supporting autonomy, preventing chronic diseases, and reducing the risk of falls. Positive influences on mental health, social well-being, and biological aging processes, such as DNA methylation, were also observed. Neuroprotective effects, particularly on memory and executive functions, as well as the prevention of depressive symptoms, were highlighted. However, physical limitations, insecurity, economic factors, and lack of infrastructure still hinder elderly adherence to exercise programs. The review demonstrated that physical exercise improves functional capacity, reduces chronic diseases, falls, and frailty, and promotes better quality of life. Individualized practices and specific public policies are essential for active aging.