Acute and chronic effect of dynamic and isometric resistance exercise on blood pressure: A review with meta-analysis

Resumo

Objective: This study investigated the association between the acute blood pressure (BP) response to a single session of dynamic or isometric resistance exercise and the chronic adaptations induced by training in these modalities. Methods: A systematic review with meta-analysis was conducted using the PubMed, Cochrane Central, SPORTDiscus, and LILACS databases. Eligible studies included adults undergoing dynamic or isometric resistance training, with BP assessments at baseline, during or immediately after a session (acute response), and post-intervention (chronic effect). Thirteen studies met the inclusion criteria. The primary outcome was BP measured during or after the interventions. Studies were required to report correlation data (r-value) between the acute response and chronic BP adaptations. Results: A significant correlation was observed between the acute systolic BP response during isometric resistance exercise and its chronic effect (r = −0.591), whereas no significant correlation was found for diastolic BP (r = 0.044). Similarly, a significant correlation was identified between the acute response following a single session of dynamic resistance training and the chronic effect for both systolic BP (r = 0.599) and diastolic BP (r = 0.571). Conclusion: The acute systolic BP response during isometric exercise and the post-exercise hypotensive effect following dynamic resistance training are associated with long-term BP reductions. These findings underscore the potential of acute BP responses as predictors of chronic adaptations, highlighting their relevance for exercise prescription and cardiovascular health management.