Agência humana, autoeficácia e desempenho acadêmico: Análise do “milagre educacional da Ásia” em culturas relacionais confucianas
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18675/1981-8106.v35.n.70.s19150Keywords:
Teoria social cognitiva. Autoeficácia. Coréia. Realização acadêmica. Desengajamento moral.Abstract
Este artigo examina os fatores do “Milagre Educacional da Ásia”, focando nas culturas relacionais confucionistas e em estudos da Coreia do Sul. Diferente da visão ocidental individualista, que enfatiza a habilidade inata, a perspectiva do Leste Asiático destaca a relação do self com os outros. O artigo descreve o desenvolvimento do self e a socialização da cultura nas crianças para explicar o desempenho acadêmico. A Teoria Social Cognitiva de Bandura, baseada em agência humana e autoeficácia, fornece a base científica para entender cultura e desempenho. Bandura critica teorias tradicionais que focam na biologia, habilidades inatas e processamento cognitivo mecânico, argumentando que ignoram a intenção e a antecipação como precursoras da ação. O sucesso acadêmico ocorre pelo controle pessoal, por procuração e coletivo. Avanços em genética e neurobiologia desafiam suposições tradicionais e apoiam a teoria de Bandura. Estudos na Coreia do Sul demonstram o papel da autoeficácia e do suporte social de pais, amigos e professores no desempenho acadêmico. Esses resultados ressaltam a importância da agência humana, da autoeficácia e do suporte social, além do impacto da agência pessoal, por procuração e coletiva no sucesso acadêmico e no desengajamento moral, podendo explicar, em parte, a violência escolar e a delinquência.
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