Contribuições de Albert Bandura para a educação
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.18675/1981-8106.v35.n.70.s18997Keywords:
Teoría social cognitiva. Autoeficacia. Aprendizaje observacional. Autorregulación.Abstract
Albert Bandura está entre os maiores psicólogos de todos os tempos. Suas contribuições para a psicologia são numerosas demais para serem listadas em um artigo breve. Notavelmente, ele desenvolveu a teoria social cognitiva a partir de sua predecessora, a teoria da aprendizagem social, que era fortemente baseada no comportamentalismo. Ao incluir variáveis cognitivas e afetivas na teoria social cognitiva, Bandura ampliou significativamente o escopo e a aplicabilidade dessa teoria. A teoria expandida também incorporou a autorregulação e, de forma importante, introduziu o conceito de autoeficácia. Neste artigo, destacamos três das contribuições de Bandura para a educação: modelação e aprendizagem observacional, autoeficácia e autorregulação. As contribuições nessas áreas são especialmente notáveis porque impactaram o desenvolvimento teórico, a pesquisa e a prática. Inicialmente, discutimos o quadro conceitual da teoria social cognitiva, fundamentado em interações recíprocas entre influências pessoais, comportamentais e ambientais. Em seguida, abordamos modelação e aprendizagem observacional, autoeficácia e autorregulação. Para cada tópico, discutimos a teoria e as evidências de pesquisa que a apoiam, juntamente com algumas aplicações. O artigo conclui com sugestões para pesquisas futuras.
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