Cartografías virales y mapas falsos en las plataformas de redes sociales

Autores/as

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.18675/1981-8106.v33.n.66.s17323

Palabras clave:

Mapas de Internet. Cartografías Virales. Redes Sociales. Noticias Falsas.

Resumen

Internet y las redes sociales han contribuido considerablemente en la aceleración de la circulación y difusión de la información. Las noticias sobre personas, cosas y eventos con frecuencia se difunden rápidamente sin una previa verificación de su veracidad, abriendo un espacio para noticias falsas y "hechos alternativos". Esto también se refiere a los mapas que se publican en plataformas como Twitter, Facebook e Instagram y que con frecuencia llaman la atención de los usuarios y provocan reacciones. En este contexto, el objetivo de este artículo es discutir mapas publicados en Internet en tiempos de la posverdad y a la luz de una lectura crítica de la realidad. El documento discute las características de estas cartografías virales y mapas falsos y analiza los mapas cargados y difundidos por plataformas en línea relacionados con la cartografía. Estos ejemplos muestran la reactividad de los mapas como argumentos y formas de hacer mundos que van mucho más allá de la mera representación gráfica de un tema o hecho y que se fusionan con cosmovisiones políticas, valores morales y prejuicios culturales, requiriendo nuevas metodologías para su estudio.

Citas

BALLATORE A. Defacing the map: cartographic vandalism in the digital commons, The Cartographic Journal, v. 51, n. 3, p. 214-224, 2014.

BRETTSCHNEIDER, B. Lessons from posting a fake map. 2018. Disponível em: https://www.forbes.com/sites/brianbrettschneider/2018/11/23/lessons-from-posting-a-fake-map/. Acesso em: 1º nov. 2022.

CRAMPTON, J. Cartography: maps 2.0. Progress in Human Geography v. 33, n. 1, p. 91-100, 2009.

EVON, D. Does map of missing persons in U.S. match up with cave systems? 2020. Disponível em: https://www.snopes.com/fact-check/missing-persons-cave-maps/. Acesso em: 30 out 2022.

GARTNER, G. Web mapping 2.0. In: PERKINS, C.; DODGE, M; KITCHIN, R. (org.) Rethinking maps. New frontiers in cartographic theory. London: Routledge, 2007, p. 68-82.

GILLASPIE, T. Judgmental maps. Your city. Judged. New York: Flatiron Books, 2016.

HARLEY, J. B. Deconstructing the map. Cartographica, v. 26, n. 1, p. 1-20, 1989.

HARLEY, J. B. Maps, knowledge and power. In: COSGROVE, D.; DANIELS, S. (org.) The iconography of landscape. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1988, p. 277-312.

JACOBS, F. Strange maps. An atlas of cartographic curiosities. New York: Viking Studio, 2009.

JUHÁSZ, L.; NOVACK, T.; HOCHMAIR, H.H.; QIAO, S. Cartographic vandalism in the era of location-based games - the case of OpenStreetMap and Pokémon GO. ISPRS - International Journal of Geo-Information, v. 9, n. 197, p. 1-20, 2020.

KENT, A. Trust me, I’m a cartographer: post-truth and the problem of acritical cartography. The Cartographic Journal, v. 54, n. 3, p. 193-95, 2017.

KITCHIN, R.; DODGE, M. Rethinking maps. Progress in Human Geography, v. 31, n. 3, p. 331-344, 2007.

MARKHAM, B. West with the night. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company, 1942.

MCCORD, H. Maps. Poems toward an iconography of the West. Santa Cruz, CA: Kayak Books.

MONMONIER, M. How to lie with maps. 3. ed. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 2018.

MUEHLENHAUS, I. Going viral: The look of online persuasive maps. Cartographica, v. 49, n. 1, p. 18-34, 2014.

PERKINS, C. Community mapping. The Journal of Cartography, v. 44, n. 2, p. 127-137, 2007.

PERKINS, C.; DODGE, M; KITCHIN, R. (org.) Rethinking maps. New frontiers in cartographic theory. London: Routledge, 2007.

PICKLES, J. A history of spaces: cartographic reason, mapping, and the geo-coded world. London: Routledge, 2004

ROBINSON, A. Elements of viral cartography. Cartography and Geographic Information Science, v. 46, n. 4, p. 293-310, 2019.

SEEMANN, J. Facebook cartographies and the mapping of local history: storied maps from the American Middletown. In: VANNIEUWENHUYZE, B.; SEGAL (org.) Motion in maps - maps in motion. Mapping stories through movement and time. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press, 2020, p. 153-176.

SHANNON, J.; WALKER, K.E. Ventures into viral cartography: Waffle House, educational attainment, and the social life of maps. The Professional Geographer, v. 72, n. 1, p. 66-77, 2020.

SHVILI, J. 10 Countries without universal healthcare. Disponível em: https://www.worldatlas.com/articles/10-notable-countries-that-are-still-without-universal-healthcare.html. 2020. Acesso em: 1º nov. 2022.

SINGH, I. Virality in cartography: What makes a map go viral? 2022. Disponível em: https://geoawesomeness.com/viral-cartography-what-makes-map-go-viral/. Acesso em: 31 out. 2022.

STATISTA. Most popular social networks worldwide as of January 2022, ranked by number of monthly active users. 2022a. Disponível em: https://www.statista.com/statistics/272014/global-social-networks-ranked-by-number-of-users/. Acesso em: 31 out. 2022.

STATISTA. Number of Twitter users worldwide from 2019 to 2024. 2022b. Disponível em: https://www.statista.com/statistics/303681/twitter-users-worldwide/. Acesso em: 31 out. 2022.

SZYMBORSKA, W. Map. Collected and last poems. New York/Boston: Mariner Books, 2016.

TYNER, J. A. Persuasive cartography. Journal of Geography, v. 81, n. 4, p. 140-44, 1982.

WARDLE, C. Fake news. It's complicated. 2017. Disponível em: https://medium.com/1st-draft/fake-news-its-complicated-d0f773766c79. Acesso em: 31 out. 2022.

WOOD, D. Rethinking the power of maps. New York: Guilford Press, 2010.

Descargas

Publicado

2023-11-01

Cómo citar

SEEMANN, J. Cartografías virales y mapas falsos en las plataformas de redes sociales. Educação: Teoria e Prática, [S. l.], v. 33, n. 66, p. e48[2023], 2023. DOI: 10.18675/1981-8106.v33.n.66.s17323. Disponível em: https://www.periodicos.rc.biblioteca.unesp.br/index.php/educacao/article/view/17323. Acesso em: 11 may. 2024.